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 Duration 21 hours

Course Outline

Relational Database Models

  • The internal structure of relational databases
  • Various types of table connections
  • Database normalization and denormalization concepts
  • Relational operators

Retrieving Data

  • Best practices for writing SQL queries
  • SELECT statement syntax
  • Selecting all available columns
  • Performing arithmetic operations within queries
  • Using column aliases
  • Working with literals
  • The concatenation operator

Filtering Results

  • The WHERE clause
  • Comparison operators
  • The LIKE condition
  • Using the BETWEEN ... AND prerequisite
  • The IS NULL condition
  • The IN condition
  • Boolean operators: AND, OR, and NOT
  • Combining multiple conditions in the WHERE clause
  • Operator precedence and order
  • The DISTINCT clause

Sorting Data

  • The ORDER BY clause
  • Sorting by multiple columns or expressions

SQL Functions

  • Differences between single-row and multi-row functions
  • Text, numeric, and date function features
  • Explicit and implicit data type conversions
  • Conversion functions
  • Nesting functions
  • Using the dual table to test function performance
  • The SYSDATE function for retrieving the current date
  • Handling NULL values

Data Aggregation and Grouping

  • Aggregation functions
  • How aggregation functions handle NULL values
  • Creating data groups using the GROUP BY clause
  • Grouping across multiple columns
  • Filtering group results with the HAVING clause

Querying Multiple Tables

  • Types of joins/connectors
  • Using NATURAL JOIN
  • Applying table aliases
  • Defining joins within the WHERE clause
  • INNER JOIN usage
  • External joins: LEFT, RIGHT, and FULL OUTER JOIN
  • The Cartesian product

Subqueries

  • Placing subqueries within the SELECT command
  • Single-row and multi-row subqueries
  • Operators for single-row subqueries
  • Applying grouping within subqueries
  • Operators for multi-row subqueries: IN, ALL, ANY
  • NULL value behavior in subqueries

Set Operators

  • The UNION operator
  • The UNION ALL operator
  • The INTERSECT operator
  • The MINUS operator

Data Modification: Insert, Update, and Delete

  • The INSERT command
  • Copying data from another table
  • The UPDATE command
  • The DELETE command
  • The TRUNCATE command

Transactions

  • Managing transactions with COMMIT, ROLLBACK, and SAVEPOINT

DDL Commands

  • Essential database objects
  • Object naming conventions
  • Creating tables
  • Available data types for columns
  • The DEFAULT option
  • NULL and NOT NULL constraints

Table Management

  • Referential integrity: CHECK, PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY, and UNIQUE
  • Creating tables from existing queries
  • Dropping tables with DROP TABLE
  • The DESCRIBE command

Other Schema Objects

  • Sequences
  • Synonyms
  • Views

Requirements

  • Basic computer literacy
  • Familiarity with any standard operating system

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